The Law of Adoption of a Child in the Womb and Its Status
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31332/kalosara.v5i1.11339Abstract
There is a significant lack of research that specifically addresses the legal and social implications of adopting children while they are still in the womb, particularly within the intersection of Islamic Law, positive Law, and local customs in Indonesia. This study explores the Law of adoption of children in the womb and their status. Researchers conducted research in the Sei Merbau District, where there is a phenomenon of adoption of children in the womb in several communities. The method used in this study is a qualitative method using an interview approach with the research respondents. The findings of this study are that there has been adoption and change in the status of children in the womb in Sei Merbau District, Tanjungbalai. In the analysis of Islamic Law, inconsistencies were found, where the adoptive parents mixed up the nasab by using their names as the biological parents of the adopted child. This activity is prohibited because it can change the Law from the adoption of a child who was originally “mubah” to “haram” due to the emphasis on the integrity of nasab. Meanwhile, in Positive Law, it was found that the adoption process did not go through a valid court and that there was an unauthorised change in civil status documents. This research highlights the urgent need for a clear and integrated legal framework to regulate the adoption of unborn children, ensuring the protection of the child’s rights and the consistency of legal practices with religious and national laws. This study reveals legal loopholes in the adoption of children in the womb and the importance of integrating Islamic law, positive law, and customary law in Indonesia.
Keywords: Adoption, Status, Islamic Law, Positive Law
References
Bapak M. Wawancara Denganorang Tua Angkat, 2024.
Bapak R. Wawancara Dengan Orang Tua Angkat, 2024.
Budiman, Citra Rosa. “Aspek Hukum Pengangkatan Anak Di Indonesia.” Binamulia Hukum 6, No. 2 (2023): 141–48. Https://Doi.Org/10.37893/Jbh.V6i2.289.
Dimas Prayoga Pangestu, Murendah Tjahyani, Dan Mutiarany. “Kedudukan Pengangkatan Anak Berdasarkan Itikad Baik Tanpa Penetapan Pengadilan Di Kampung Kebon Sayur, Kota Bekasi.” Krisna Law : Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Krisnadwipayana 5, No. 2 (28 Juli 2023): 153–70. Https://Doi.Org/10.37893/Krisnalaw.V5i2.219.
Fadila, Tatia Septia. “Analisis Pengalihan Hak Asuh Anak Dibawah Umur Dari Ibu Ke Ayah (Studi Putusan Nomor 685/Pdt.G/2022/Pa.Lt).” Skripsi, Universitas Mataram, 2023.
Fitri, Dwita A’idillah, Dzufikar Rodafi, Dan Faridatus Sa’adah. “Studi Analisis Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Positif Tentang Pengangkatan Anak Dalam Kandungan (Studi Kasus Di Desa Karangrejo Kecamatan Ujungpangkah Kab.Gresik).” Hikmatina: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam 5, No. 3 (2023): 330. Https://Jim.Unisma.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Jh/Article/View/22338.
Fitria, Norma. “Pengaruh Kemapanan Ekonomi Terhadap Kelanggengan Suatu Rumah Tangga.” Al-Rasῑkh: Jurnal Hukum Islam 11, No. 2 (1 Oktober 2022): 133–44. Https://Doi.Org/10.38073/Rasikh.V11i2.866.
Harahap, M. Yahya. Hukum Acara Perdata Tentang Gugatan, Persidangan, Penyitaan, Pembuktian Dan Putusan Pengadilan. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2018.
Haromain, Imam. Kunci Memahami Ushul Fiqih: Terjemahan Lengkap Syarah Waroqot Rujukan Pondok Pesantren. Surabaya, 2006.
Ibu T. Wawancara Salah Satu Ibu Kandung Yang Telah Berniat Untuk Menitipkan Anaknya Apabila Sudah Lahir Nanti, 2024.
Indonesia. Pelaksanaan Pengangkatan Anak, Pub. L. No. Peraturan Pemerintah (Pp) Nomor 54 Tahun 2007, Pasal 1 Ayat 1 (2007).
Kefianto K, Agil Masyhur Akbar. “Sistem Pengangkatan Anak Ditinjau Berdasarkan Hukum Positif Dan Hukum Islam Di Indonesia.” Media Hukum Indonesia (Mhi) 2, No. 2 (16 Juni 2024): 415–25. Https://Doi.Org/10.5281/Zenodo.11839771.
Kurniasih, Henna, Dan Gunawan Djajaputra. “Analisis Hukum Terhadap Pelaksanaan Adopsi Anak Dalam Sudut Pandang Hukum Positif Pada Putusan Nomor 29/Pdt.P/2021/Pa.Dbs.” Unes Law Review 6, No. 4 (2024): 10204–18. Https://Doi.Org/10.31933/Unesrev.V6i4.1996.
Mardani. “Pengangkatan Anak Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Binamulia Hukum 8, No. 2 (2023): 117–34. Https://Doi.Org/10.37893/Jbh.V8i2.344.
Mufarohah, Ana Nafisatul, Dan Abdullah Arief Cholil. “Akibat Hukum Pengangkatan Anak Yang Tidak Diketahui Orang Tua Kandungnya.” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kontelasi Ilmiah Mahasiswa Unissula Klaster Humaniora Oktober (2019). Https://Jurnal.Unissula.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Kimuhum/Article/View/8229.
Mughniyah, Muhammad Jawad. Fiqih Lima Mahzab. Jakarta: Lentera., 2011.
Nizami, Auliya Ghazna. “Hak-Hak Keperdataan Janin Dalam Hukum Islam Dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 52, No. 1 (T.T.): 75–101. Https://Doi.Org/10.14421/Ajish.V52i1.458.
Rahim, Abdullah. Wawancara Dengan Sekretaris Mui Tanjung Balai, 2024.
Rais, Muhammad. “Kedudukan Anak Angkat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, Hukum Adat Dan Hukum Perdata (Analisis Komparatif).” Diktum: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum 14, No. 2 (2016): 183–200. Https://Doi.Org/10.35905/Diktum.V14i2.232.
Republik Indonesia, Departemen Agama. Alquran Dan Terjemah. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2020.
Santoso, Lukman, Dan Dawam Abror. “Pola Pemenuhan Hak Asuh Anak Pada Keluarga Buruh Migran Indonesia: An Maqashid Shariah Perspective.” Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal Of Law & Family Studies 2, No. 1 (10 Juni 2020): 56–73. Https://Doi.Org/10.21154/Syakhsiyyah.V2i1.2160.
Subeitan, Syahrul Mubarak, Nurlaila Isima, Dan Muhamad Sauki Alhabsyi. “Dinamika Pengangkatan Anak Di Indonesia.” Al-Mujtahid: Journal Of Islamic Family Law 1, No. 1 (24 November 2021): 59. Https://Doi.Org/10.30984/Jifl.V1i1.1617.
Syafi’i, Imam. Ar-Risala: Buku Pertama Dalam Bidang Ushul Fikih. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Buku Pustaka Islam Rahmatan, 2019.
Tandilangi, Imanuel, Musakkir -, Dan Muhammad Basri. “Status Hukum Pengangkatan Anak Bagi Orang Tua Angkat Yang Belum Terikat Tali Perkawinan.” Ilmu Hukum Prima (Ihp) 5, No. 2 (31 Oktober 2022): 180–90. Https://Doi.Org/10.34012/Jihp.V5i2.2768.
Wongkar, Natania Djesika, Donald A. Rumokoy, Dan Lendy Siar. “Pelaksanaan Hak Untuk Hidup Berdasarkan Pasal 28a Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.” Lex Administratum 11, No. 3 (2023).
Yanto, Oliviani. “Janin Sebagai Subjek Hukum: Perspektif Hukum Perdata.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum: Alethea 8, No. 1 (30 Agustus 2024): 1–17. Https://Doi.Org/10.24246/Alethea.Vol8.No1.P1-17.
