Dari Kuota ke Kuasa: Keterwakilan Perempuan di DPR-DPRD dalam Mewujudkan Keadilan Gender dalam Legislasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31332/qjclr.v5i2.12280Keywords:
women’s representation, gender justice, legislation, substantive representationAbstract
Women’s representation in Indonesia’s legislative institutions is still largely understood in quantitative terms through the 30% quota policy, yet it has not fully translated into substantive representation. Previous studies have left a gap by insufficiently integrating structural, institutional, cultural, and media dimensions in explaining the effectiveness of female legislators. This study aims to examine the extent to which women’s representation in the DPR and DPRD contributes to gender justice, to identify the barriers limiting their strategic roles, and to propose strategies for strengthening their legislative capacity. The research employs a literature review method by analyzing scholarly journals, books, and academic reports, framed within representation theory that distinguishes between symbolic and substantive representation. The findings reveal that although the number of women in parliament has steadily increased since the reform era, their presence often remains symbolic due to political patronage, entrenched patriarchy, media bias, and weak institutional support from political parties. Nonetheless, examples of substantive representation exist, such as women’s crucial involvement in the enactment of the Domestic Violence Law (PKDRT) and the Sexual Violence Law (TPKS). These cases highlight the need for internal party reforms, cross-faction solidarity, gender-sensitive political education, and alternative media utilization to enhance women’s substantive roles. The implication is that women’s representation must not be confined to fulfilling quota requirements but should be directed toward multi-level and multi-sector strategies that ensure inclusive democracy and position gender justice as a foundational pillar of sustainable political development.
References
Agaya, Benson M. O. “The Quest for Gender Equality in Politics and Government and The Limits Ao Legislative Approach to Women’s Inclusion in Kenya.” Journal of Social and Economic Development, November 25, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-024-00389-7.
Asnawiah, Nurul, and Titin Purwaningsih. “Representasi Anggota Legislatif Perempuan Dprd Kota Tidore Kepulauan Periode 2014-2019.” Jurnal Caraka Prabu 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 69–98. https://doi.org/10.36859/jcp.v4i1.216.
Chandra, Helmi, and Hendriko Arizal. “Pengaruh Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Barat.” KERTHA WICAKSANA 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 21–34. https://doi.org/10.22225/kw.16.1.2022.21-34.
Dalupe Benediktus. “Kandidat Perempuan Dan Tantangan Politik Patronase Pada Pemilu Legislatif 2019 Di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.” Jurnal Inada 3 (2020): 15–34.
Firdaus, Firdaus, and Ratih Agustin Wulandari. “Implications of Low Women’s Representation: Strategies and Challenges Towards Gender Equality in Indonesian Politics.” Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society 5, no. 2 (2023): 138–53. https://doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v5i2.383.
Fransin Kontu, and Stefanes Pesak. “Kuota 30% Perempuan Di Parlemen: Implementasi Dan Efektivitasnya Di Indonesia.” Papsel Journal of Humanities and Policy 2, no. 1 (2025): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.63185/pjhp.v2i1.83.
Halimatusa’diyah, Iim, and Aptiani Nur Jannah. “Understanding Hidden Layers in Political Participation: Women’s Representation in Indonesia’s Election Management Bodies.” Women’s Studies International Forum 112 (September 2025): 103141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103141.
Harirah. MS, Zulfa, Auradian Marta, and Isril Isril. “Pergulatan Advokasi Kebijakan Pengarusutamaan Gender Di Kota Pekanbaru.” Journal of Social and Policy Issues, September 1, 2023, 135–39. https://doi.org/10.58835/jspi.v3i3.200.
Hower, Sara. “Women in Politics.” Battleground: Government and Politics: 2 Volumes 2, no. January (2011): 573–80. https://doi.org/10.32380/alrj.v0i0.1622.
Jayani, P H, F M Shafira, S Anindya, and ... “Representasi Gender Di Parlemen Pasca Pemilu 2019: Tantangan Dan Peluang Menuju Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Pembangunan ….” Kultura: Jurnal Ilmu … 2 (2024): 37–45.
Keisya Damayanti, Caritas Nadya Anisti, Reivania Calista Rizanul, and Aniqotul Ummah. “Analisis Kebijakan Kuota 30% Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Politik Indonesia.” Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v4i2.2026.
Makmun, Makmun, and Yandi Yandi. “An Analysis of Women’s Representation in Parliament: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Other Countries Around the World.” Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities 5, no. 6 (August 20, 2025): 4620–31. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i6.2145.
Muringa, Tigere Paidamoyo, Gamede Justice Sanele, and Kealeboga Aiseng. “‘We Are Not Ready for a “She” President’: Navigating Media Framing of Women Presidential Hopefuls.” Agenda, December 2, 2024, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2024.2401723.
Nasrudin, Rudi, Ratnia Solihah, and Yugni Maulana Aziz. “Representasi Perempuan Dalam Pilkada : Perspektif Gendered Institutions Terhadap Desain Dan Praktik Politik,” no. 3 (2025).
Noviati, Cora Elly. “Demokrasi Dan Sistem Pemerintahan.” Jurnal Konstitusi 10, no. 2 (2016): 333. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1027.
Nurisman, Hana. “Peran Pemberdayaan Perempuan Untuk Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender Dalam Berpartisipasi Politik.” De Cive : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.56393/decive.v4i1.2060.
Olaitan, Zainab Monisola. “Substantive Representation of Women in African Politics: Issues and Debates,” 97–122. Springer, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76051-8_5.
Ramadhanti, Nabila, Eva Nuriyah, and Lenny Meilany. “Perempuan Pada Pusaran Kekuasaan Legislatif : Studi Gender Perempuan Sebagai Pendorong Pembangunan Yang Berkelanjutan Di Jawa Barat” 02, no. 02 (2025): 251–64.
Rambe, Reni Damayanti, Timbul Dompak, and Lubna Salsabila. “Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Politik (Studi Kasus: Caleg Perempuan DPR RI Tahun 2024-2029).” Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik 10, no. 1 (February 26, 2025): 170–91. https://doi.org/10.36982/jpp.v10i1.5192.
Senjaya, Burlian. “Representasi Perempuan Sebagai Penyelenggara Pemilu Di Provinsi Jambi : Tantangan Dan Strategi Penguatan” 7 (2025): 34–45.
Siahaan, Asima Yanty, Tanya Jakimow, Yumasdaleni, and Aida Fitria Harahap. “Sites of Infrastructure, Apprenticeship and Possibilities for Self: Locating Indonesia’s Missing Women in Representative Politics.” Asia Pacific Viewpoint 65, no. 1 (April 11, 2024): 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12393.
Sinpeng, Aim. “Persisting Patronage: Challenges to Breaking Gender Barriers in Thai Elections.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 44, no. 2 (August 7, 2025): 270–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034251355639.
Tridewiyanti, Kunthi. “Kesetaraan Dan Keadilan Gender Di Bidang Politik ‘ Pentingnya Partisipasi Dan Keterwakilan Perempuan Di Legislatif.’” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2012): 73–90.
“Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum,” n.d.
Wahyudi, Very. “Peran Politik Dalam Perspektif Gender.” Politea: Jurnal Politik Islam 1, no. 1 (2018): 63–83.
Wulandari, Lia, Restu Rahmawati, and Hesti Rosdiana. “Hambatan Keterwakilan Politik Perempuan Di Indonesia.” PARAPOLITIKA: Journal of Politics and Democracy Studies 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 168–86. https://doi.org/10.33822/jpds.v4i2.6039.
Yulieayumagmailcom, Iain Madura. “Partisipasi_Perempuan_Dalam_Berpolitik_U,” 2012.
